Abstract: Background:Cement mantle penetration and the cement–bone interface strength were critical to a successfulprimary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It remained unclear whether decreased blood and fat in the cancellous boneachieved with the use of a tourniquet increases tibial cement mantle penetration in different zones on AP andlateral view in TKA according to criteria defined by the Knee Society Scoring System (KSS). The purpose of thisstudy was to determine whether tourniquet use influences tibial cement mantle penetration in different zones onAP and lateral view in TKA according to KSS.
Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to identify studies involving the impact of tourniquet use and no tourniquet use on tibial bone cement penetration in primary TKA in electronic databases, including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Library, Highwire, CBM, VIP, Wanfang database, up to January 2021. Finally, we identified 1231 patients (1231 knees) assessed in twelve studies.
Conclusion: The application of a tourniquet increases the thickness of the tibial bone cement penetration—the increase in the thickness of bone cement penetration mainly located in zone 3 on the anteroposterior (AP) view.
Results: Tourniquet use increases the cumulative cement mantle penetration (P< 0.00001), mean cement mantle penetration (P= 0.004), and cement mantle in zone 3(P< 0.0001) on AP view. However, there were no significant differences in cement mantle in zone 1(P= 0.5), zone 2(P=0 .54), zone 4(P= 0.07) on AP view, and zone 1(P=0.32), zone 2(P= 0.38) on lateral view between two groups. There were also no significant differences in length of surgery(P= 0.7), change in hemoglobin(P= 0.4), transfusion rates(P= 0.47), and complications such as muscular calfvein thrombosis(P= 0.21), superficial infection (P= 0.72), and deep vein thrombosis (P= 0.66) between two groups.